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Try to make data calculation inside AWS, to pay less for outbound traffic
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Select right-sizing of the service
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From a cost optimization point better to create as many instances as needed inside one region (same rule work for EC2 as well as for RDS instances)
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Use VPC Endpoint service cheaper then NAT Gateway
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Prices depend on region. When I wrote it the cheapest was in Virginia region and Sao Paulo is the most expensive
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ALB cheaper then ELB
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Use scheduling for your not production resources. Start and stop resources as per your needs (For example stop staging server for night time and weekend)
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Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) or Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) instead of EC2 instances when you have microservise architecture: ECS and EKS can be more cost-effective as they allow you to run containers instead of instances.